The California State senate is the upper house of the bicameral California State legislature. The senate comprises of 40 senators, each of whom represent one district, with an average representative-to-constituent ratio of 1: 931,000 people, which renders California Senators as representatives with the most constituents of anywhere in the US. The senate is led by the Lieutenant Governor, with a majority party elected pro tem president. The senate has 23 standing committees, which span from agriculture, to human services, to veteran affairs. Primary responsibilities of a senator include: developing budget packages, making taxation decisions, passing legislation, allocating spending, and redistricting in collaboration with other senators and the house of representatives. Additionally, the senate has the exclusive authority to try officials impeached by the house in addition to authorizing certain executive appointments. Each senator serves a four-year term (elections amongst senators are staggered), with a 12 year service limit, if elected after after 2012. The estimated salary of this position is $116,208 per year.